[Bits manipulation]

align:

 
template<size_t S, class T>
inline T align(T value) {
  return (value + (S - 1)) & (~(S - 1));
}

has_single_bit:

 return x && !(x & (x - 1));

midpoint:

  return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;

負i保

  value & (~value + 1);

減一去

  value & (value - 1);

Set union A | B 

Set intersection A & B 

Set subtraction A & ~B 

Set negation ALL_BITS ^ A or ~A 

Set bit A |= 1 << bit 

Clear bit A &= ~(1 << bit) 

Test bit (A & 1 << bit) != 0 

Extract last bit A & -A or A & ~(A - 1) or x ^ (x & (x - 1)) 

Remove last bit A & (A - 1) 

Get all 1-bits ~0